The Kisaeng

 Jidokchae in kisaeng described the ideal beauty in the Chosun period. Jidokchae meant intelligence, humility and physical sexual allure as Lee (2009) states that feminine values in the Ancient Korea were more subtle and complex in nature.

 Jidokchae was a rare combination of characteristics and abilities of a kisaeng that defined her beauty. In the society of contemporary Korea, feminine beauty is perceived through Western physicalities and brand consumption. Beauty, which was once defined by a woman’s intelligence in the arts and politics, strong personality and gentle facial features, is now very different to the ideals of an Americanised Korea.

 Inner beauty comprised of a kisaeng’s ability to read and write poems. They were skilled at dancing and had an outstanding musical talent. They were able to study books and have patience and a strong mind to converse on politics and with men as equals. She also had the myungki which, if translated literally into English, means the kisaeng was talented in matters performed behind closed doors in the boudoir.

But what were the characteristics that determined physical beauty in women?

Firstly, the facial features must consist of small eyes, thin eyebrows, a long philtrum, small red lips, pale, blemish-free skin on a round, moon-like face. She must have a thick head of glossy black hair. She must not be weak and have a healthy body shape with small breasts.